Muri iki gihe, inganda zitumanaho ziratera imbere byihuse.Kuva kuri terefone ya BB mu myaka ya za 1980 kugeza kuri terefone zifite ubwenge muri iki gihe, iterambere ry’inganda z’itumanaho mu Bushinwa ryateye imbere kuva mu buryo bworoshye bwo guhamagara no kohereza ubutumwa bugufi mu ntangiriro kugera kuri serivisi zitandukanye nko gukoresha interineti, guhaha, kwidagadura no kwidagadura.
I. Imiterere yiterambere ryinganda zitumanaho
Kugeza ubu, imidugudu irenga 98% y’imidugudu y’ubuyobozi y’Ubushinwa ifite fibre optique na 4G, ikaba yujuje gahunda y’imyaka 13 y’igihugu mu myaka itanu mbere y’igihe.Ikurikiranabikorwa ryerekanye ko ikigereranyo cyo gukuramo mu midugudu 130.000 y’ubuyobozi cyarenze 70Mbit / s, ahanini kikagera ku muvuduko umwe mu cyaro no mu mijyi.Mu mpera za Nzeri 2019, Ubushinwa bwari bufite abakoresha umurongo mugari wa interineti 580.000 bafite igiciro kiri hejuru ya 1.000 Mbit / s.Umubare w’ibyambu bigera kuri interineti wageze kuri miliyoni 913, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 6.4 ku ijana kandi wiyongereyeho miliyoni 45,76 mu mpera z’umwaka ushize.Muri byo, ibyambu bya fibre optique (FTTH / O) byageze kuri miliyoni 826, byiyongereyeho miliyoni 54.85 mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, bingana na 90.5% by'ibiteranyo bivuye kuri 88% mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, biza ku isonga isi
Ii.Amajyambere yiterambere ryinganda zitumanaho
Ubushinwa bwashyizeho urwego rwitumanaho rukora itumanaho rufite imiterere yuzuye na sisitemu yuzuye, kandi inganda zayo zikomeje kwaguka.Ibikoresho byohereza ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya optique hamwe nibikoresho bya fibre nibikoresho bya kabili byabonye umusaruro wimbere mu gihugu, kandi bifite irushanwa runaka kwisi.Cyane cyane murwego rwibikoresho bya sisitemu, Huawei, ZTE, Fiberhome nandi masosiyete yabaye ibigo byambere ku isoko ryibikoresho byitumanaho rya optique ku isi.
Kugera kumurongo wa 5G bizakwirakwira mubice byinshi bya gisivili nubucuruzi.Aya ntabwo ari amahirwe gusa ahubwo ni ikibazo cyinganda zitumanaho.
(1) Inkunga ikomeye ituruka muri politiki yigihugu
Uruganda rukora ibikoresho byitumanaho rufite ibiranga agaciro kongerewe agaciro nibirimo tekinoroji, kandi burigihe rwakira inkunga ikomeye muri politiki yinganda zacu.Gahunda yimyaka 12 yimyaka itanu yiterambere ryubukungu n’imibereho myiza yigihugu, Imfashanyigisho yibice byingenzi byinganda zikorana buhanga n’iterambere ry’ibanze byihutirwa, Ubuyobozi buyobora ku bijyanye no guhindura imiterere y’inganda (2011), gahunda ya 11 y’imyaka itanu y’iterambere ry’iterambere Inganda zamakuru nimbonerahamwe ya Gahunda ndende yo hagati ya 2020, Gahunda yiterambere yimyaka 12 yimyaka 5 yinganda zitumanaho, ninganda zikoranabuhanga rikomeye hamwe niterambere ryambere ryambere Amabwiriza agenga ibice byingenzi byinganda (2007) na gahunda ya Guhindura no Kuvugurura Inganda zikoresha amakuru ya elegitoronike byose byatanze ibitekerezo bisobanutse kubyerekeye guteza imbere inganda zikora ibikoresho byitumanaho.
(2) Isoko ryimbere mu gihugu riratera imbere
Iterambere ryihuse ryubukungu bwigihugu cyacu ryateje imbere iterambere rikomeye ryinganda zitumanaho zigendanwa.Ibikorwa remezo binini byitumanaho ishoramari byanze bikunze bizatera imbere inganda zijyanye.Guhera mu mwaka wa 2010, kubaka imiyoboro y'itumanaho rya 3G, cyane cyane sisitemu ya TD-SCDMA, yinjiye mu cyiciro cya kabiri.Kwagura ubujyakuzimu n'ubugari bw'imiyoboro ya 3G itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa bizazana ishoramari ryinshi ry'ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho rigendanwa, kugira ngo bitange amahirwe meza yo guteza imbere inganda zikora ibikoresho by'itumanaho mu Bushinwa.Kurundi ruhande, inshuro zakazi zikoresha itumanaho rya 3G zigendanwa ahanini ziri hagati ya 1800 na 2400MHz, zikaba zirenga inshuro 800-900MHz ya 2G itumanaho rya mobile.Muri izo mbaraga zimwe, hamwe nogutezimbere itumanaho rya 3G rigendanwa, agace kegeranye na sitasiyo y’ibanze kuri radiyo ikora cyane bizagabanuka, bityo sitasiyo fatizo zigomba kongerwa, hamwe nubushobozi bwisoko ryibikoresho bya sitasiyo ijyanye nabyo; nayo iziyongera.Kugeza ubu, inshuro nyinshi zikoreshwa mu itumanaho rya terefone zigendanwa ni nini kandi zisumba iz'i 3G, bityo umubare uhwanye na sitasiyo fatizo n'ibikoresho bizagenda byiyongera, bisaba ishoramari rinini。
3) Kugereranya ibyiza byo gukora abashinwa
Ibicuruzwa byinganda nibyinshi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, kandi abakiriya bo hasi nabo bafite ibisabwa byinshi mugucunga ibiciro no kwihuta.Amashuri makuru yacu ahugura umubare munini waba injeniyeri b'indashyikirwa buri mwaka kugirango bakemure inganda zikenewe mubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga niterambere.Imirimo yacu myinshi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, inganda zateye imbere zunganira, sisitemu y'ibikoresho na politiki yo gutanga imisoro nabyo bituma inganda zacu zigenzura ibiciro, inyungu zihuse zigaragara.Ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga niterambere, ikiguzi cyo gukora, umuvuduko wo gusubiza nibindi bintu byibyiza, bigatuma antenne yacu yitumanaho hamwe ninganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya radio bifite ingufu zikomeye zo guhangana.
Muri make, munsi yiterambere ryihuse rya interineti igendanwa no kwishyurana kuri terefone igendanwa, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryitumanaho rya terefone ryabaye intandaro yo kohereza amakuru muri societe igezweho kubera ubworoherane bwihariye.Umuyoboro udafite insinga uzana ibyoroshye bitagira umupaka kubantu, umuyoboro udafite umugozi ugenda ukwirakwira no kuzamuka, bityo abashinzwe itumanaho rya simba bazagira byinshi bakora!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-18-2023
